Should TEN-T ports be electrified?

If needed, this number can be further aligned with policy targets, in particular the Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Regulation (AFIR), which mandates that 90% of all port calls at TEN-T ports need to be electrified by 2030.

Should ports be electrified to allow recharging docked electric (hybrid) ships?

In fact, if we think of ports to be electrified to allow recharging docked electric (hybrid) ships after long sea crossing, we should also consider that harbour supporting vessels such as tugs must be zero-emission and must run on electricity.

Are green container terminals a solution to maritime transport's environmental impact?

To support this swift, green container terminals have emerged as an effective response to cope with the increasing concern over maritime transport’s environmental impact.

Does a cap-and-trade policy reduce vessel emissions?

They show that emissions are slightly lower using a cap-and-trade policy and that considering penalties or having more QCs to reduce late departure times reduces vessel emissions. Moreover, recent contributions highlight the importance of jointly considering planning uncertainties while tackling emissions.

How can a ship's energy demand be forecasted?

An electronic registry of the electric energy demands of all ships at berth as outlined in IEEE 45.1 is highly recommended as a means to facilitate the load forecasting under discussion. Charging of ships powered by electric batteries. Charging of other energy storage units used, e.g., in electric vehicles of any kind.

How can the SPS contribute to a greener maritime sector?

It is anticipated that the SPS can be the ideal stakeholder group to discuss the findings of the policy document which is being proposed. On the technical level, the first major step towards a greener maritime sector is the “ship-to-shore” electric interconnection of ships at berth or alternatively “cold ironing”.